The brilliance of this presser foot is in its simplicity, It is called a gathering foot.
Gathers your fabric as you sew, and it is useful for making dresses like this .
But here’s the true brilliance:
With a regular presser foot, the fabric is squished,underneath nice and tight, so as the needle and thread make their way up and everything gets pulled taut,it stays nice and flat,but with the gathering foot, you see the little gap in the back here? This time ,as the needle and thread make their way to the top and pull everything tight,it also pulls the fabric with it,causing the top thread to be a little bit shorter and the thread underneath,to be a little bit longer ,repeat this over and over and you get yourself a gather.
We can change the amount of gathering that happens by simply increasing or decreasing,our thread tension at the top here.
And finally ,if we slide a second layer of fabric in this little slot here,then we can combine 2 steps into one. and then a gatherd stitch.